Reducing crime can help to environment

Today's the world has been through violent mess and the level of crime in the surroundings is incresing day to day. people are in state of fear with increasing crime in the society.crime such as robbery,assault's,bombing and others cause damage to environment in order that each and every waste of physical things like brick of the buildings are made to with use of resources, so that inorder to regain those things again resources has to be used where resources are in degrading sate of today . we can minimize these things to help environment .people cut down trees infront of their houses so that burglars could not be hidden in them .but in other hand their is loss of tree around us who are the friend to environment by consuming heat radiations from sun during summer and by maintaing the global temperature. Areas where criminal activities are frequent ,translocation is the major possibility which inturn consume more resources which may be negative to environment.

GIS(Geographic information system)

A geographic information system (GIS) integrates hardware, software, and data for capturing, managing, analyzing, and displaying all forms of geographically referenced information.
GIS allows us to view, understand, question, interpret, and visualize data in many ways that reveal relationships, patterns, and trends in the form of maps, globes, reports, and charts.
A GIS helps you answer questions and solve problems by looking at your data in a way that is quickly understood and easily shared.
GIS technology can be integrated into any enterprise information system framework.
Three Views of a GIS
A GIS is most often associated with a map. A map, however, is only one way you can work with geographic data in a GIS, and only one type of product generated by a GIS. A GIS can provide a great deal more problem-solving capabilities than using a simple mapping program or adding data to an online mapping tool (creating a "mash-up").
A GIS can be viewed in three ways:
The Database View: A GIS is a unique kind of database of the world—a geographic database (geodatabase). It is an "Information System for Geography." Fundamentally, a GIS is based on a structured database that describes the world in geographic terms. The Map View: A GIS is a set of intelligent maps and other views that show features and feature relationships on the earth's surface. Maps of the underlying geographic information can be constructed and used as "windows into the database" to support queries, analysis, and editing of the information. The Model View: A GIS is a set of information transformation tools that derive new geographic datasets from existing datasets. These geoprocessing functions take information from existing datasets, apply analytic functions, and write results into new derived datasets. By combining data and applying some analytic rules, you can create a model that helps answer the question you have posed. In the example below, GPS and GIS were used to accurately model the expected location and distribution of debris for the Space Shuttle Columbia, which broke up upon re-entry over eastern Texas on February 1, 2003. Together, these three views are critical parts of an intelligent GIS and are used at varying levels in all GIS applications.

LITTLE ORGANIC HEROES(MICROORGANISM)

There are no magic bullets and a lot of very smart people have been working the problem over passionately. In recent years, a revolutionary organic environmental technology rooted in millions of years of evolution has emerged that harnesses Mother Nature's tiniest creatures in a unique way to effectively reverse environmental degradation, eliminate toxic pollutants and create sustainable ecosystems naturally. This technology has been proven to clean up any toxic environment it has been challenged to work in - from household hygiene to soil contaminated with heavy metals. Its applications are almost unlimited. It spans industries and cultures. It provides hope for safe drinking water to millions who live every day in sickness and disease. It has been shown to convert putrefying matter into organic fertilizer and composts. It enables industry to effectively recycle solid waste and wastewater. It can restore land to fertile and vital states for agriculture. It can clean up polluted waters and has already cleaned up an inlet sea some twenty miles across and hundreds of miles long.
It is now a matter of large scale adoption and implementation. Hope and vision at Organic Environmental Technology is to see this technology used broadly and immediately in every home in every factory and like huge global intra-venous nutrient injections rekindling life at the headwaters of every major river and along all the major ocean currents.
There are a variety of creatures living on this planet of all shapes and sizes. But in the case of this technology, the smallest creatures are the heroes of the story. Microorganisms are nature's tiny heroes or villains depending on the role they play. They are indeed small, even the biggest one measures only about one tenth of 1 mm. Microorganisms live in the ground, in water, in the air, and inside our bodies and the bodies of other creatures. You can find them anywhere. What they lack in size they make up in numbers. If you consider that of the 3 million different kinds of creatures living on this planet we humans only make up a portion of the 4,300 mammals (only 0.1% of the total). Compare this to the fact that there are over 700,000 different kinds of microorganisms (fungi, bacteria, viruses, etc.) that have been identified to date. What's more, the total weight of all the microorganisms on the earth is estimated to be about 25 times that of all other animals living on the land and in water combined.
To understand their potential power it is important to review a little bit of our planetary history. The earth is thought to have begun about 4.6 billion years ago as hot melting rock that gradually cooled. Then about 4 billion years ago the oceans formed and the first creatures on earth were born. The seas contained algae and organisms that ate toxins such as carbon dioxide and expelled oxygen as a byproduct. Over time our atmosphere was created by this process and the oxygen and ozone layers were formed. The sea was very acidic but gradually changed by the efforts of these microorganisms. Eventually an environment in which plants and animals could live came about.
Microorganisms were here doing good long before man as we know him today had a chance to muck up the joint. Perhaps man can humble himself long enough to accept some help from these little miracle workers and learn a few things in the process about living for the greater good and adopting living habits that benefit and sustain the environment. Responsibility and accountability go hand in hand here. For reasons of necessity alone we need to take action now to give the future generation half a fighting chance at survival.
Our everyday life is completely filled with microorganisms. Microorganisms play an integral part of life, cleaning or contaminating water, treating or causing diseases, enhancing or rotting foods - among other things. One well known role of microorganisms is that of a decomposer - rotting dead plant and dead animal bodies and returning them to the soil. However, microorganisms also play a key role in our daily lives.
Some kinds of microorganisms help us, but other kinds give us trouble. Among microorganisms, there are good bacteria which help humans and bad bacteria which harm humans. Good bacteria clean water, produce cheese, bread etc. and are of help to human health. Bad bacteria contaminate soil, pollute water and air. They cause sickness and disease and degrade human health.
In rivers and the sea, good microorganisms decompose fallen leaves, dead fish, and other pollutants and nurture the ecosystem with abundant life. However, in rivers and the sea which humans have contaminated, bad microorganisms increase and cause sludge and red tides.
Humans have utilized microorganisms in various forms. Cheese, bread and beer are produced by the work of microorganisms. In addition, drugs such as penicillin are produced by microorganisms.
In our body, a large variety of microorganisms exist. Microorganisms in our bodies (called "enteric bacteria") are known to help smoothly digest foods ingested.
Some microorganisms eat contaminants in water. Sewage treatment plants used for collecting and cleaning contaminated water utilize microorganisms.
Microorganisms can treat raw garbage. Raw garbage generated in kitchens putrefies if they are left as they are. This is the work of bad bacteria that putrefy foods. However, placing good bacteria in raw garbage prevents raw garbage from putrefying and produces good material that can be used as a natural fertilizer.
Let's think where raw garbage goes. If you think it just enough to "simply eliminate" raw garbage from the front of your eyes, all you have to do is to take out the trash on the garbage collection day, and then, the person in charge carries away raw garbage for treatment. However, incinerating raw garbage thereafter generates dioxin and landfilling raw garbage generates putrefaction gas, or various other problems are caused.
Microorganisms can protect farmlands. Pesticides used for killing disease and insect pests, herbicides used for killing weeds and chemical fertilizers for promoting growth of crops are used routinely in farming. These agricultural chemicals are poisons in that they get in the food chain, ground water, rivers and oceans and cause untold damage to human and animal health - not to mention they strip the soil of its ability to nourish plants creating a dependency not unlike a drug dealer pushing drugs. As far as we are concerned this agricultural substance abuse is a hidden menace in society. Agricultural chemicals damage both farmers who spray agricultural chemicals and the people who eat the vegetables and fruits grown with agricultural chemicals - and the downstream environments, river and oceans.
Chemical fertilizers degrade soil and cause desertification. Herbicides and pesticides not only kill microorganisms and small animals in the soil but also pollute air and water, leading to destruction of the eco-system. Agricultural chemicals are ultimately harmful to humans.
For these reasons organic farming has been on the increase; but, because no agricultural chemicals are used, of a lot of time and effort is required to manually removing insect pests and weeds. However, the use of microorganisms greatly helps with this and enables organic farmers to produce tasty vegetables and fruits with less labor hours.
Some of the benefits are:
Insect pest control by microorganisms
Vegetables refreshed with microorganisms
Soft and fluffy soil with microorganisms
Long-lasting flowers
Weed control by activities of microorganisms
Useful microorganisms also support safe livestock practices. Meat and fish are a staple diet for most of the world yet feeds for livestock and farmed fish contain various drugs to suppress or prevent diseases. The ingredients of these drugs can remain in the animal's meat and may have a possibility of adversely affecting our bodies. In addition, odors in livestock barns and wastewater have detrimental effects on the animals' health and the surrounding environment.
Though the livestock industry has many and diverse problems, many of these problems can be solved by utilizing useful microorganisms. Microorganisms efficiently decompose contamination in livestock barns producing a clean environment and achieve the condition in which livestock are healthy and greatly reduce or eliminate the need for expensive antibiotic drugs. In this way, meat that we consume can be safely produced.
Useful microorganisms have various powers: power to clean rivers and lakes, power to fertilize soil, power to prevent production of offensive odors and the power to keep livestock healthy.
Raw garbage generated from the home can be converted to good-quality fertilizer to grow flowers and vegetables by treating it with useful microorganisms. Vegetables grown by this fertilizer are healthy and are less susceptible to damage by insect pests.
As the volume of raw garbage decreases at home the volume of garbage collection decreases. When this happens, the volume of garbage incinerated at garbage treatment plants also decreases.
Wastewater discharged from hotels can all be treated and recycled. "After we began to use useful microorganisms, we were surprised to know that we no longer needed chemicals of more then 1,000 kg per month which we used to use for disinfecting water. The purified water is recycled for flush water of lavatories in the hotel, for watering lawns and palm trees, and for cooling water of air-conditioners. The water is recycled many times and no contaminated water is discharged to the sea."
Large quantity of agricultural chemicals are used in golf courses to protect turf from disease and insect pests. These agricultural chemicals flow into the ground water, rivers, lakes and on into the ocean. When using organic environmental technology in various places on the golf course the amount of agricultural chemicals and chemical fertilizers used is fast reduced. In addition, mowed turf and raw garbage can also be recycled.
There are seemingly endless applications for this organic environmental technology.
We welcome your help, participation and support in getting this revolutionary organic environmental technology in broad use.

TRAGEDY OF BHOTKHOLA,NEPAL

In the northen part of Gorkha(NEPAL), there lies Bhotkhola region. The people of Bhotkhola deprnd upon the Sayala forest for their livelihood. It is one of the largest natural resources of the country.Above Sayala,there used to be narrow,deeply cut swathe thrugh the mountain but now it has beome a broader,gentler moat with open spaces and scant pastures where yaks graze.The trek through it leads to Samagaon, at the foot of the Manaslu Glaciers,where the route curves northward to Samdo,the village on the eastern side of the Larkya la.
The Sayala forest is the main source of income for the villagers.In the past the dense forest has scare people to walk around and the sight of musk deer used to be very common.Now,the little destruction has turned into full scale destruction.There is now huge human settlement in the forest,musk deer no where to be seen.They also moved up to the higher mountains.
Deforestation in the Sayala forest is contuining.The villagers cut down the trees then the wood is taken to Tibet on yak's back.from Sayala forest it takes two days to reach Larke Bazar is an old market site where the yaks spend the night.From Larke Bazar,it takes two more days to reach Tibet.Once they reach Tibet they sell their wood and buy the basic things like rice,salt,barely etc.

Green business

Operating a green business is not only good for the environment but good for your business's bottom line because conserving resources and cutting down on waste saves money. The good news is that whether you run a home-based business or an off-site enterprise, there are simple things you can do to run an environmentally friendly business.
Recycling is the first thing that comes to mind when we think of being environmentally friendly. And recycling is important. But recycling is only one part of the environmentally friendly business equation. We can also take a large step towards being more environmentally friendly by reducing the amounts of waste in our offices and business operations.
Here are just ten easy-to-implement ideas for running a green business from the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade's Greening Operations guides that you can put into practice right now to make your office a more environmentally friendly place:
1. Turn off equipment when it's not being used. This can reduce the energy used by 25 percent; turning off the computers at the end of the day can save an additional 50 percent.
2. Encourage communications by email, and read email messages onscreen to determine whether it's necessary to print them. If it's not, don't!
3. Reduce fax-related paper waste by using a fax-modem and by using a fax cover sheet only when necessary.Fax-modems allow documents to be sent directly from a computer, without requiring a printed hard copy.
4. Produce double-sided documents whenever possible.
5. Do not leave taps dripping; always close them tightly after use. (One drop wasted per second wastes 10,000 litres per year.)
6. Install displacement toilet dams in toilet reservoirs. Placing one or two plastic containers filled with stones [not bricks] in the toilet's reservoir will displace about 4 litres of water per flush - a huge reduction of water use over the course of a year.
7. Find a supply of paper with maximum available recycled content.
8. Choose suppliers who take back packaging for reuse.
9. Instigate an ongoing search for "greener" products and services in the local community. The further your supplies or service providers have to travel, the more energy will be used to get them to you.
10. Before deciding whether you need to purchase new office furniture, see if your existing office furniture can be refurbished. It's less expensive than buying new and better for the environment.

Exploitation of renewable energy resource for sustainable development

The recent increase in energy costs, driven by a surge in oil prices, has increased world-wide efforts on the exploitation of renewable/wind energy resources for environment-friendly sustainable development and to mitigate future energy challenges. Moreover, experience in the wind energy industry has reached high levels in the field of manufacturing and application. This inevitably increases the merits of wind energy exploitation. In order to exploit wind resources, through the establishment of wind power plants, specific attention must be focused on the characteristics of wind and wind machines. The literature indicates that wind-energy resources are relatively better along coastlines. In the present study, long-term hourly mean wind speed data for the period 1986-2003, recorded at Dhahran (Eastern Coastal region, Saudi Arabia), has been analysed to examine the wind characteristics including (but not limited to): yearly/monthly/diurnal variations of wind speed, frequency distribution of wind speed, impact of hub-height/machine-size on energy production, etc. Data have been checked/validated for completeness. Data analysis indicated that long-term monthly average wind speeds ranged from 3.8 to 5.8 m/s. Concurrently, the study determined monthly average daily energy generation from different sizes of commercial wind machines (150, 250, 600 kW, etc.) to assess the impact of wind machine size on energy yield. The study also estimated annual energy production (MWh/year) from wind farms of different capacities (3, 6, 12, 24 MW, etc.) by utilising different commercial wind energy conversion systems (WECS). It was observed that, for a given 6 MW wind farm size, a cluster of 150 kW wind machines (at 50 m hub-height) yielded about 32% more energy when compared to a cluster of 600 kW wind machines. The study also estimated the cost of wind-based electricity (COE, US$/kWh) by using different capacities of commercial WECS. It was found that the COE per kWh is 0.045 US$/kWh for 150 kW wind machine (at 50 m hub-height) whereas COE was 0.039 US$/kWh for 600 kW wind machine (at 50 m hub-height). The study also dealt with wind turbine characteristics (such as capacity factor and availability factor). These characteristics are important indicators of wind turbine performance evaluation.
Keywords: wind characteristics; wind energy; hub-height; cost of energy; capacity factor, renewable energy

Climate Change

Climate change is any long-term significant change in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region (or, more relevantly to contemporary socio-political concerns, of the Earth as a whole) over an appropriately significant period of time. Climate change reflects abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the Earth, such as in the icefrom decades to millions of years.
In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, climate change usually refers to changes in modern climate (see global warming). For information on temperature measurements over various periods, and the data sources available, see temperature record. For attribution of climate change over the past century, see attribution of recent climate change.Climate change is any long-term significant change in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region (or, more relevantly to contemporary socio-political concerns, of the Earth as a whole) over an appropriately significant period of time. Climate change reflects abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the Earth, such as in the ice caps over durations ranging from decades to millions of years.
In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, climate change usually refers to changes in modern climate (see global warming). For information on temperature measurements over various periods, and the data sources available, see temperature record. For attribution of climate change over the past century, see attribution of recent climate change.Climate change is any long-term significant change in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region (or, more relevantly to contemporary socio-political concerns, of the Earth as a whole) over an appropriately significant period of time. Climate change reflects abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the Earth, such as in the ice caps over durations ranging from decades to millions of years.
In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, climate change usually refers to changes in modern climate (see global warming). For information on temperature measurements over various periods, and the data sources available, see temperature record. For attribution of climate change over the past century, see attribution of recent climate change.

Introduction to climate change

Climate change is any long-term significant change in the expected patterns of average weather of a specific region (or, more relevantly to contemporary socio-political concerns, of the Earth as a whole) over an appropriately significant period of time. Climate change reflects abnormal variations to the expected climate within the Earth's atmosphere and subsequent effects on other parts of the Earth, such as in the ice caps over durations ranging from decades to millions of years.
In recent usage, especially in the context of environmental policy, climate change usually refers to changes in modern climate (see global warming). For information on temperature measurements over various periods, and the data sources available, see temperature record. For attribution of climate change over the past century, see attribution of recent climate change.

Disposal of solid waste

Disposing of waste in a landfill involves burying waste, and this remains a common practice in most countries. Landfills were often established in abandoned or unused quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. A properly-designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials. Older, poorly-designed or poorly-managed landfills can create a number of adverse environmental impacts such as wind-blown litter, attraction of vermin, and generation of liquid leachate. Another common byproduct of landfills is gas (mostly composed of methane and carbon dioxide), which is produced as organic waste breaks down anaerobically. This gas can create odor problems, kill surface vegetation, and is a greenhouse gas.

A landfill compaction vehicle in action.
Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods to contain leachate such as clay or plastic lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted to increase its density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting vermin (such as mice or rats). Many landfills also have landfill gas extraction systems installed to extract the landfill gas. Gas is pumped out of the landfill using perforated pipes and flared off or burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity.


Incineration is a disposal method that involves combustion of waste material. Incineration and other high temperature waste treatment systems are sometimes described as "thermal treatment". Incinerators convert waste materials into heat, gas, steam, and ash.
Incineration is carried out both on a small scale by individuals and on a large scale by industry. It is used to dispose of solid, liquid and gaseous waste. It is recognized as a practical method of disposing of certain hazardous waste materials (such as biological medical waste). Incineration is a controversial method of waste disposal, due to issues such as emission of gaseous pollutants.
Incineration is common in countries such as Japan where land is more scarce, as these facilities generally do not require as much area as landfills. Waste-to-energy (WtE) or energy-from-waste (EfW) are broad terms for facilities that burn waste in a furnace or boiler to generate heat, steam and/or electricity. Combustion in an incinerator is not always perfect and there have been concerns about micro-pollutants in gaseous emissions from incinerator stacks. Particular concern has focused on some very persistent organics such as dioxins which may be created within the incinerator and which may have serious environmental consequences in the area immediately around the incinerator. On the other hand this method produces heat that can be used as energy.

Recycling methods
PVC, LDPE, PP, and PS: see resin identification code) are also recyclable, although these are not as commonly collected. These items are usually composed of a single type of material, making them relatively easy to recycle into new products. The recycling of complex products (such as computers and electronic equipment) is more difficult, due to the additional dismantling and separation required.

What is carbon trading?

Carbon Trading is a market based mechanism for helping mitigate
the increase of CO2 in the atmosphere. Carbon trading markets are developing that bring buyers and sellers of carbon credits together with standardized rules of trade.
Who are potential buyers for Carbon credits?
Any entity, typically a business, that emits CO2 to the atmosphere may have an interest or may be required by law to balance their emissions through mechanism of Carbon sequestration. These businesses may include power generating facilities or many kinds of manufacturers.

Who are potential sellers of Carbon credits?
Entities that manage forest or agricultural land might sell carbon credits based on the accumulation of carbon in their forest trees or agricultural soils. Similarly, business entities that reduce their carbon emission may be able to sell their reductions to other emitters.
Who does this website target?
This website is targeted towards forest landowners and Business in the USA and World that want to learn more about how they can enter the carbon trading market. What information is required by a landowner to trade carbon, what might be the costs, and what might be the income.

Introduction to air pollution

Air is the ocean we breathe. Air supplies us with oxygen which is essential for our bodies to live. Air is 99.9% nitrogen, oxygen, water vapor and inert gases. Human activities can release substances into the air, some of which can cause problems for humans, plants, and animals.
There are several main types of pollution and well-known effects of pollution which are commonly discussed. These include smog, acid rain, the greenhouse effect, and "holes" in the ozone layer. Each of these problems has serious implications for our health and well-being as well as for the whole environment.
One type of air pollution is the release of particles into the air from burning fuel for energy. Diesel smoke is a good example of this particulate matter . The particles are very small pieces of matter measuring about 2.5 microns or about .0001 inches. This type of pollution is sometimes referred to as "black carbon" pollution. The exhaust from burning fuels in automobiles, homes, and industries is a major source of pollution in the air. Some authorities believe that even the burning of wood and charcoal in fireplaces and barbeques can release significant quanitites of soot into the air.
Another type of pollution is the release of noxious gases, such as sulfur dioxide, carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and chemical vapors. These can take part in further chemical reactions once they are in the atmosphere, forming smog and acid rain.
Pollution also needs to be considered inside our homes, offices, and schools. Some of these pollutants can be created by indoor activities such as smoking and cooking. In the United States, we spend about 80-90% of our time inside buildings, and so our exposure to harmful indoor pollutants can be serious. It is therefore important to consider both indoor and outdoor air pollution.

Tips to environment

Six really important Things I can do as a kid to help the environment
1.Shop locally: Walk to a store near your house, Go to one store for every need instead of driving all around town for 2 different items, if a store like that is to far away then ride a bike or a skateboard etc., By doing these you will already be saving the earth and tons of $.
2.Reduce Recycle Reuse: Reduce the amount of thrash by buying stuff with less packaging. Recycle used plastic, paper, aluminum, and Styrofoam. Reuse old leather, clothing etc.
3. Use less energy you will save Money and the earth: Turn off appliances when you are not using them. It might not make sense to a kid to turn off every light in their house before they leave their house, This is the biggest money saver of all 12, and by turning off all of the lights you will save the earth the sun and us.

4.Eating: If you learn to cook yourself a meal you will be reducing the amount of pollution in the world. Why, because most people in America buy fast food every day and half the people who buy fast food throw the thrash on the ground.

5.Saving trees: Use Sunday comics as wrapping paper.
6.Put rotten food in the Compost. Also if you don’t have a compost don’t buy one make one.